Carbon Emission Reduction: Carbon Tax, Carbon Trading, and Carbon Offset

The World Bank stated that there are some incentives which have been created to encourage
carbon emission reduction, such as the removal of fossil fuels subsidies, the introduction of
carbon pricing, the increase in energy efficiency standards, and the implementation of auctions
for the lowest-cost renewable energy. Among these, carbon pricing refers to charges for those
who emit carbon dioxide (CO2) from their emissions, including carbon taxes, emissions trading
systems (ETSs), offset mechanisms, and results-based climate finance (RBCF). This Special Issue
collects 19 carbon emissions-related papers (including five that are carbon tax-related) and five
energy-related papers using various methods or models, such as the LMDI (Logarithmic Mean
Divisia Index) decomposition method, panel data model, ordered weighted regression (OWA),
geographically-and-temporally-weighted regression (GTWR), and the expanded stirpat* model.
The research studies come from China, Taiwan, Thailand, Czech Republic, Pakistan, Sweden,
Norway, and United States. These studies involved various industries such as agricultural industry,
transportation industry, electric-power industry, electronic industry, paper industry, iron and steel
industry, and the oil and gas industry.